Characteristics of Stock Exchanges in India
- Traditionally, a stock exchange has been an association of individual members called member brokers (or simply members or brokers), formed for the express purpose of regulating and facilitating the buying and selling of securities by the public and institutions at large.
- A stock exchange in India operates with due recognition from the Government under the Securities & Contracts (Regulations) Act, 1956. Corporate membership of stock exchanges has also been introduced lately. As you know, there are at present only six stock exchanges in India. The biggest stock exchange in India is National Stock Exchange (NSE).
- A stock exchange is typically governed by a board, consisting of directors. Some Members of the Board are nominated by the Government. Government nominees include representatives of the Ministry of Finance, as well as some public representatives, who are expected to safeguard the interest of investors in the functioning of the exchanges.
- The board is headed by a President, who is an elected member, usually nominated by the government, from among the elected members. The Executive Director, who is appointed by the stock exchange with government approval, is the operational chief of the stock exchange. His duty is to ensure that the day-to-day operations of the stock exchange are carried out in accordance with the rules and regulations governing its functioning.
- Securities and Exchanges Board of India (SEBI) has been set up in Mumbai by the Government to oversee the orderly development of stock exchanges in the country. All companies wishing to raise capital from the public are required to list their securities on at least one stock exchange.
- Thus, all ordinary shares, preference shares and debentures of publicly held companies are listed in one or more stock exchanges. Stock exchanges also facilitate trading in the securities of the public sector companies as well as government securities.
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