CHALLENGES AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT FOR Organisation Behaviour

CHALLENGES AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT FOR OB

Relevant for Commerce optional Paper 2

Modern organisations are deeply affected by the external environment.These need to maintain a good fit with their external environment by continuously monitoring and adjusting to the changes over the past decade and decade to come,are more profound than others.Some critical OB issues confronting the managers today are as follows:- 

1.Managerial challenges 2.Work place issues and challenges 3.Organisational challenges 4.Global challenges 5.Environmental challenges 

1.Managerial challenges Managers of modern organisation faces the following managerial challenges:- 

a. Workforce diversity.-Organisations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race and ethnicity. There can be employees who are Physically handicapped, lesbians, gays, elderly or others who are different in some way or others. The managers must learn to respect the diversity. They have to shift their philosophy from treating everyone alike to recognising differences and responding to those differences in a way that will ensure employee retention and greater productivity while at the same time not discriminating. An increasingly diverse workforce presents both opportunities and challenges for the organisations. If diversity is not properly managed, it can lead to higher employee turnover, more difficult communications and more interpersonal conflicts. 

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b. Changing demographics of workforce- it includes dual career couples, where both partners are actively pursuing professional careers. They limit the individual flexibility in accepting important assignments and this hinders the organisational flexibility in acquiring and developing talent. 

c. Growing number of youngsters- these employees are fresh, ambitious, enthusiastic and innovative. These people do not “Live to work but work to Live” choosing a life that they want to have as opposed to just bringing home a pay check. 

d. Gender factor- women gradually moved into professions previously dominated by male and in the same way men also moved to professions previously dominated by females. These developments have their own implications for human resource managers in organisations. 

2.Workplace issues and challenges- these issues also have behavioural implications. Major issues under these are:- 

a. Employee Privacy- employers have stated to intrude and encroach into the personal lives of the employees. Managers need to be very sensitive to this issue since this trend creates resentment among employees. 

b. Employee rights- it involve controversies involve issues associated with job ownership and individual rights while at work. 

c. Unionism- recently union membership has been steadily declining. As a result organisations carry the burden of providing services to the employees which were previously provided by the union . Organisations need to take extra precautions to ensure that workers are treated fairly, otherwise, union membership will start increasing once again. 

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d. Changed Employee expectations- Traditional motivators like job security, attractive pay, additional perks etc do not attract present day employees and they demand empowerment, and expect quality of status with the management. Participative management instead of authoritative leadership, flexi-timings, opportunities to work from home, leading by example are the more recent trends. 

3.Organisational challenges a.Improving quality and productivity – Due to the changed circumstances [LPG] managers have to think seriously about improving the quality and productivity measures like Total Quality Management [TQM] and Reengineering Programme. TQM is a philosophy of management for attainment of customer satisfaction through the continous improvement of all organisational processes.Reengineering means radically thinking and redesigning those processes by which they create value for customers and do their work. b. Managing technology and innovations- success will come only to those organisations that maintain their flexibility continually improve their quality and outbeat their competitots with innovative roducts ad services.The challenge for managers is to stimulate employee creativity and tolerance for change c.Coping with temporariness – the concept of continous improvement means constant change. Managers face a stage of permanent temporariness. The actual jbs that workers perform are in a state of flux they have to continuously update theri knowledge and skills to perform newjob requirements. d.Ethical behaviour- it is the duty of managers to create an ethically healthy climate for their employees, where they can do their work productively and with clean conscience Social responsibility is the organisational, obligation to protect and contribute to social environment with which they functions.

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4.Global Challenges a. Managing global environment- Internationalism of business has transformed the world into a global village. Managers have to cope with this internationalism and must change to acquire a global perspective b. Managing cultural diversity- Managers in India as well as abroad has to work with people from other countries having different cultures. They have to work effectively with these people and understand their culture and learn to adapt management styles to these different cultures. 

5. Environment Challenges- Organisations exist within an external environment. It must adapt itself with the continuously changing and dynamic environment . Managers of an organisation must be responsive to a large number of environmental challenges like:- a. Ecology- it is concerned with the relationship of living things with their environment. Every organisations must face the challenge to maintain and even create ecological standards b- Air, Water and soil Pollution- the general concept recommended nowadays is that development should be sustainable in the long run and every project should cater to maintain if not mend the direct harm to the environment resulting from the development measures c. Personnel Policies- It must not be discriminatory towards any particular caste, creed, religion, sex or nationality. 

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There should be equal pay for equal work. d. Consumerism- It call for a revised marketing concept. Marketing concept has to be broadened to include societal marketing concept, where the long run consumer welfare is important. e. Research and development- To keep pace with global challenges, the organisations must take technical and scientific research. f. International and National Economic Policies – The organisations must keep in mind the International as well as National Legislations as well as the rising inflationary trends.